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The precise mechanisms by which autoregulation is accomplished and its overlap with neurovascular coupling are not known.
Increased neuronal activity results in increased local brain metabolism, and this increase in the CMR is associated with a proportional change in CBF referred to as neurovascular coupling.
traditional view of neurovascular coupling is that it is a positive feedback mechanism wherein increased neuro- nal activity results in a demand for energy; this demand is met by an increase in CBF.
More recent data indicate that coupling is based on a feed-forward mechanism wherein neuronal activity directly increases CBF, thereby increas- ing energy supply.6 Although the precise mechanisms that mediate neurovascular coupling have not been defined, the data available implicate local by-products of metabolism (e.g.
Glutamate, released with increased neuronal activity, results in the synthesis and release of NO, a potent cerebral vasodilator that plays an important role in neurovascular coupling.
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